Hypoxia Reduces Reproductive Susceptibility of Plum Curculio (coleoptera: Curculionidae) to Ionizing Radiation

نویسنده

  • G UY J. H ALLMAN
چکیده

Ionizing irradiation is used in Florida and Hawaii to disinfest several fruits and sweetpotatoes of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) or other insects (Hallman 2004a). Importation of fruit irradiated against 11 fruit fly species and the mango seed weevil, Cryptorhynchus mangiferae (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), has been approved (APHIS 2002). The treatment shows promise for widespread implementation, as it is safe, broadly efficacious, accepted by consumers, cost-effective, may be applied after packing, and widely tolerated by fresh agricultural commodities (Hallman 2002). A large body of research has determined minimum absorbed doses of ionizing radiation to prevent development or reproduction for many different species of arthropods . Some of this research has shown that hypoxia can reduce some of the detrimental effects of irradiation to insects used in sterile release programs. The effect of hypoxia on irradiation disinfestation treatment efficacy has not been studied until recently, although some agricultural commodities are stored under hypoxic conditions, a strategy that is increasing in application. Hallman (2004a) found that while no oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), fifth instars developed to the adult stage when irradiated at 200 Gy in ambient atmosphere, 5.3% of those irradiated in hypoxic atmospheres developed to the adult. Hypoxia caused a small increase in the ability of apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) (Diptera: Tephritidae), third instars to emerge as adults after irradiation (Hallman 2004b). Plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is native to the eastern Neartic and is a quarantine pest of stone and pome fruits exported from the United States and Canada. Hallman (2003) determined that a minimum absorbed dose of 92 Gy (the maximum recorded dose when 80 Gy was sought) prevented reproduction of adults, the most radiotolerant stage of the insect. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of hypoxia on reproduction of the plum curculio. Plum curculios originally collected near Gainesville, Florida, were obtained from a colony at the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service facility in Byron, Georgia. The insects were reared at about 25EC, 70% RH, 12: 12h (L: D), on immature apples that were picked when about 3 cm in diameter. Larvae emerging from the apples were placed on sterilized potting soil until adult emergence. A radiation source of 137 Cs (Husman Model 521A, Isomedix, Inc., Whippany, NJ) that delivered a gamma ray dose rate of about 40 Gy·min -1

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تاریخ انتشار 2005